CHINA UNIFORMLAW NET

This  English  document  is  coming  from  "LAWS  AND  REGULATIONS  OF THEPEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF  CHINA  GOVERNING  FOREIGN-RELATED  MATTERS" (1991.7) which  is  compiled  by  the  Brueau  of  Legislative Affairs of the State Council of  the  People's Republic of China, and is published by the China Legal System Publishing House. In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

(Adopted at the Second Session of the  Seventh  National  People's

Congress on April 4, 1989, promulgated by Order No. 16 of the President of

the People's Republic of China on April  4,  1989,  and  effective  as  of

October 1, 19

Contents

Chapter I     General Provisions

Chapter II    Scope of Accepting Cases

Chapter III   Jurisdiction

Chapter IV    Participants in Proceedings

Chapter V     Evidence

Chapter VI    Bringing a Suit and Accepting a Case

Chapter VII   Trial and Judgment

Chapter VIII  Execution

Chapter IX    Liability for Compensation for Infringement of Rights

Chapter X     Administrative Procedure Involving Foreign Interest

Chapter XI    Supplementary Provisions

    【章名】  Chapter I General Provisions

Article 1

Pursuant to the Constitution, this Law  is  enacted  for  the  purpose  of

ensuring the correct and prompt handling of administrative  cases  by  the

people's courts, protecting the lawful rights and interests  of  citizens,

legal persons and other organizations, and  safeguarding  and  supervising

the  exercise  of  administrative   powers  by  administrative   organs   in

accordance with the law.

Article 2

If a citizen, a legal person or any other organization considers that   his

or its lawful rights and interests have been infringed upon by a  specific

administrative act of an administrative organ or its personnel, he  or  it

shall have the right to bring a suit before a people's court in accordance

with this Law.

Article 3

The people's courts shall, in accordance with the law,  exercise  judicial

power independently with respect to administrative cases, and shall not be

subject to interference by any administrative organ,  public  organization

or individual.  The people's courts shall set up administrative  divisions

for the handling of administrative cases.

Article 4

In conducting administrative proceedings, the people's courts  shall  base

themselves on facts and take the law as the criterion.

Article 5

In handling administrative cases, the people's courts  shall  examine  the

legality of specific administrative acts.

Article 6

In handling administrative cases, the people's courts shall, as prescribed

by law, apply the systems  of   collegial  panel,  withdrawal  of  judicial

personnel and public trial and a system whereby the second instance is the

final instance.

Article 7

Parties to an administrative suit shall have equal legal positions.

Article 8

Citizens of all nationalities shall have the right  to  use  their  native

spoken and written languages in administrative proceedings.

In an area where people of a minority  nationality  live  in  concentrated

communities or where a number of nationalities live together, the people's

courts shall  conduct  adjudication  and  issue  legal  documents  in  the

language or languages commonly used by the local nationalities.

The people's courts  shall   provide  interpretation  for  participants  in

proceedings who do not understand the language or languages commonly  used

by the local nationalities.

Article 9

Parties to an administrative suit shall have the right to debate.

Article 10

The people's  procuratorates   shall  have  the  right  to  exercise  legal

supervision over administrative proceedings.

    【章名】  Chapter II Scope of Accepting Cases

Article 11

The people's courts shall accept suits brought by citizens, legal   persons

or  other  organizations   against    any   of   the    following   specific

administrative acts:

(1) an administrative sanction, such as detention, fine, rescission  of  a

license or permit, order to suspend production or business or confiscation

of property, which one refuses to accept;

(2) a compulsory administrative measure, such as  restricting  freedom  of

the person or the sealing up, seizing or freezing of property,  which  one

refuses to accept;

(3) infringement upon one's managerial decision-making  powers,  which  is

considered to have been perpetrated by an administrative organ;

(4) refusal by an administrative organ to issue a permit or license, which

one considers oneself legally qualified to apply for, or  its  failure  to

respond to the application;

(5) refusal by an administrative organ to perform its  statutory  duty  of

protecting one's rights of the person and of property, as one has  applied

for, or its failure to respond to the application;

(6) cases where an administrative organ is considered to  have  failed  to

issue a pension according to law;

(7) cases where an administrative organ is considered  to  have  illegally

demanded the performance of duties; and

(8) cases where an administrative organ is considered  to  have  infringed

upon other rights of the person and of property.

Apart from the provisions set  forth  in  the  preceding  paragraphs,  the

people's courts shall accept  other  administrative   suits  which  may  be

brought  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of   relevant    laws   and

regulations.

Article 12

The people's courts shall not accept  suits  brought  by  citizens,  legal

persons or other organizations against any of the following matters:

(1) acts of the state in areas like national defence and foreign affairs;

(2) administrative rules and regulations, regulations,  or  decisions  and

orders  with  general  binding    force   formulated   and    announced   by

administrative organs;

(3) decisions of an administrative organ on awards or punishments for   its

personnel or on the appointment or relief of duties of its personnel; and

(4) specific administrative acts that shall, as provided for  by  law,  be

finally decided by an administrative organ.

    【章名】  Chapter III Jurisdiction

Article 13

The basic people's courts shall  have  jurisdiction   as  courts  of  first

instance over administrative cases.

Article 14

The intermediate people's courts shall  have  jurisdiction   as  courts  of

first instance over the following administrative cases:

(1) cases of confirming patent rights of invention and  cases  handled  by

the Customs;

(2) suits against specific administrative acts undertaken  by  departments

under the State Council or  by   the  people's  governments  of  provinces,

autonomous  regions  or  municipalities    directly   under   the    Central

Government; and

(3) grave and complicated cases in areas under their jurisdiction.

Article 15

The higher people's courts shall have  jurisdiction  as  courts  of  first

instance over grave and complicated administrative cases  in  areas  under

their jurisdiction.

Article 16

The Supreme People's Court shall have jurisdiction as  a  court  of  first

instance over grave and complicated  administrative  cases  in  the  whole

country.

Article 17

An administrative case shall be under the  jurisdiction  of  the  people's

court in the locality of the administrative organ that initially undertook

the specific administrative act. A reconsidered case in  which  the  organ

conducting  the  reconsideration  has  amended   the    original   specific

administrative act may also  be   placed  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the

people's court in the locality of the administrative organ conducting  the

reconsideration.

Article 18

A suit against compulsory administrative measures restricting  freedom  of

the person shall be under the jurisdiction of  a  people's  court  in  the

place where the defendant or the plaintiff is located.

Article 19

An administrative suit regarding  a  real  property  shall  be  under  the

jurisdiction of the people's court in the place where the real property is

located.

Article 20

When two or more people's  courts  have  jurisdiction  over  a  suit,  the

plaintiff may have the option to bring the suit in one of  these  people's

courts. If the plaintiff brings the suit in two or  more  people's  courts

that have jurisdiction over  the  suit,  the  people's  court  that  first

receives the bill of complaint shall have jurisdiction.

Article 21

If a people's court finds that a case it has accepted  is  not  under  its

jurisdiction, it shall transfer the case to the people's court  that  does

have jurisdiction over the case.  The people's court to which the case has

been transferred shall not on its own initiative transfer  it  to  another

people's court.

Article 22

If a people's court which has  jurisdiction  over  a  case  is  unable  to

exercise its jurisdiction for special  reasons,  a  people's  court  at  a

higher level shall designate another court to exercise the jurisdiction.

If a dispute arises over jurisdiction between people's courts, it shall be

resolved by the parties  to   the  dispute  through  consultation.  If  the

dispute cannot be resolved through consultation, it shall be reported to a

people's court superior to the courts in dispute for  the  designation  of

jurisdiction.

Article 23

People's courts at higher levels shall have the  authority  to  adjudicate

administrative cases over which  people's  courts  at  lower  levels  have

jurisdiction  as  courts  of  first  instance;  they  may  also   transfer

administrative cases over  which  they  themselves  have  jurisdiction  as

courts of first instance to people's courts at lower levels for trial.   If

a people's court deems it necessary for an administrative  case  of  first

instance under its jurisdiction to be adjudicated by a people's court at a

higher level, it may report to such a people's court for decision.

    【章名】  Chapter IV Participants in Proceedings

Article 24

A citizen, a legal person or any other organization that brings a suit  in

accordance with this Law shall be a plaintiff.

If a citizen who has the right to bring  a  suit  is  deceased,  his  near

relatives may bring the suit.

If a legal person or any other organization that has the right to bring   a

suit terminates, the legal person or any other organization that  succeeds

to its rights may bring the suit.

Article 25

If a citizen, a legal person or any  other  organization,   brings  a  suit

directly before a people's court, the administrative organ that  undertook

the specific administrative act shall be the defendant.

For a reconsidered case, if the organ that conducted  the  reconsideration

sustains the original  specific  administrative   act,  the  administrative

organ that initially undertook the act shall  be  the  defendant;  if  the

organ that conducted the reconsideration has amended the original specific

administrative  act,  the  administrative   organ   which   conducted    the

reconsideration shall be the defendant.

If two or more administrative organs have  undertaken  the  same  specific

administrative act, the administrative organs that have jointly undertaken

the act shall be the joint defendants.

If a specific administrative act has been undertaken  by  an  organization

authorized  to  undertake  the  act  by  the  law  or   regulations,    the

organization shall be the defendant. If a specific administrative act  has

been undertaken by an  organization  as  entrusted  by  an  administrative

organ, the entrusting organ shall be the defendant.

If an administrative organ has been abolished,  the  administrative   organ

that carries on the exercise of functions  and  powers  of  the  abolished

organ shall be the defendant.

Article 26

A joint suit shall be constituted when one party or both  parties  consist

of two or more persons and the administrative cases are against  the  same

specific administrative act or against the specific administrative acts of

the same nature and the people's court considers that  the  cases  can  be

handled together.

Article 27

If any other citizen, legal person or any other organization has interests

in a specific administrative act under litigation, he  or  it  may,  as  a

third party, file a request to  participate  in  the  proceedings   or  may

participate in them when so notified by the people's court.

Article 28

Any citizen with no capacity to take part in litigation shall have one   or

more legal representatives who will act on his behalf in a  suit.  If  the

legal representatives try to shift their responsibilities onto each other,

the people's court may appoint one of them as the  representative  of  the

principal in litigation.

Article 29

Each party or legal representative may  entrust  one  or  two  persons  to

represent him in litigation.

A lawyer, a public organization, a near relative of the  citizen  bringing

the suit, or a person  recommended  by  the  unit  to  which  the  citizen

bringing the suit belongs or any other citizen approved  by  the  people's

court may be entrusted as an agent ad litem.

Article 30

A lawyer who serves as an agent ad litem may consult materials  pertaining

to  the  case  in  accordance  with  relevant  provisions,  and  may  also

investigate among and collect evidence from the organizations and citizens

concerned. If the  information  involves  state  secrets  or  the  private

affairs of individuals, he shall keep it confidential in  accordance  with

relevant provisions of the law.

With the approval of the people's court, parties and other agents ad litem

may consult the materials relating to the court proceedings of  the  case,

except those  that  involve  state  secrets  or  the  private  affairs  of

individuals.

    【章名】  Chapter V Evidence

Article 31

Evidence shall be classified as follows:

(1) documentary evidence;

(2) material evidence;

(3) audio-visual material;

(4) testimony of witnesses;

(5) statements of the parties;

(6) expert conclusions; and

(7) records of inquests and records made on the scene.

Any of the above-mentioned evidence must be verified by the  court  before

it can be taken as a basis for ascertaining a fact.

Article 32

The  defendant  shall  have  the  burden  of  proof   for   the    specific

administrative act he has undertaken and shall provide  the  evidence  and

regulatory documents in accordance with which the act has been undertaken.

Article 33

In the course of legal proceedings, the defendant  shall  not  by  himself

collect evidence from the plaintiff and witnesses.

Article 34

A people's court shall have  the   authority  to  request  the  parties  to

provide or supplement evidence.

A people's court shall have the authority  to  obtain  evidence  from  the

relevant administrative organs, other organizations or citizens.

Article 35

In the course of legal proceedings, when a people's court  considers  that

an expert evaluation for a specialized problem is  necessary,  the  expert

evaluation shall be made by an expert evaluation department  as  specified

by law. In the absence of such a  department,  the  people's  court  shall

designate one to conduct the expert evaluation.

Article 36

Under circumstances where there is  a  likelihood  that  evidence  may  be

destroyed or lost or difficult to obtain later  on,  the  participants  in

proceedings may apply to  the   people's  court  for  the  evidence  to  be

preserved. The people's court may also on its own initiative take measures

to preserve such evidence.

    【章名】  Chapter VI Bringing a Suit and Accepting a Case

Article 37

A citizen, a legal person or any other organization may, within the  scope

of cases acceptable to the people's courts,  apply  to  an  administrative

organ at the next higher level or to an administrative organ as prescribed

by the law or regulations  for  reconsideration,   anyone  who  refuses  to

accept the reconsideration decision may bring a  suit  before  a  people's

court; a citizen, a legal person or any other organization may also  bring

a suit directly before a people's court.

In circumstances where, in accordance with relevant provisions of laws   or

regulations, a citizen, a legal person or  any  other  organization  shall

first apply to an administrative organ for reconsideration and then  bring

a suit before a people's  court,  if  he  or  it  refuses  to  accept  the

reconsideration decision, the provisions of the laws or regulations  shall

apply.

Article 38

If a citizen, a legal person or  any  other  organization  applies  to  an

administrative organ for reconsideration, the organ shall make a  decision

within two months from the day of the receipt of the  application,  except

as otherwise provided for by law or regulations.  Anyone  who  refuses  to

accept the reconsideration decision may bring a  suit  before  a  people's

court within 15 days from the day of the receipt  of  the  reconsideration

decision. If the administrative organ conducting the reconsideration fails

to make a decision on the expiration of the time limit, the applicant  may

bring a suit before a people's court within 15 days after the  time  limit

for reconsideration expires, except as otherwise provided for by law.

Article 39

If a citizen, a legal person or  any  other  organization  brings  a  suit

directly before a people's court, he or it shall do so within three months

from the day when he or it knows that a specific  administrative  act  has

been undertaken, except as otherwise provided for by law.

Article 40

If a citizen, a legal person or any other organization  fails  to  observe

the time limit prescribed by law due to force  majeure  or  other  special

reasons, he or it may apply for an extent of the  time  limit  within  ten

days after the obstacle is removed; the requested extent shall be  decided

by a people's court.

Article 41

The following requirements shall be met when a suit is brought:

(1) the plaintiff  must  be  a  citizen,  a  legal  person  or  any  other

organization  that  considers  a  specific  administrative   act  to   have

infringed upon his or its lawful rights and interests;

(2) there must be a specific defendant or defendants;

(3) there must be a specific claim and a corresponding factual  basis  for

the suit; and (4) the suit must fall within the scope of cases  acceptable

to the people's courts and the specific jurisdiction of the people's court

where it is filed.

Article 42

When a people's court  receives   a  bill  of  complaint,  it  shall,  upon

examination, file a case  within   seven  days  or  decide  to  reject  the

complaint. If the plaintiff refuses to accept the decision, he may  appeal

to a people's court.

    【章名】  Chapter VII Trial and Judgment

Article 43

A people's court shall send a  copy  of  the  bill  of  complaint  to  the

defendant within five days of filing the case. The defendant shall provide

the people's court with the documents on the basis  of  which  a  specific

administrative act has been undertaken and file a bill of  defence  within

ten days of receiving the copy of the bill  of  complaint.    The  people's

court shall send a copy of the bill of defence  to  the  plaintiff  within

five days of receiving it. Failure by the defendant  to  file  a  bill  of

defence shall not prevent the case from being tried by the people's court.

Article 44

During  the  time  of  legal  proceedings,   execution  of   the    specific

administrative act shall not  be   suspended.  Execution  of  the  specific

administrative  act  shall  be  suspended  under  one  of  the   following

circumstances:

(1) where suspension is deemed necessary by the defendant;

(2) where suspension of execution is ordered by the people's court at   the

request of the plaintiff because, in  the  view  of  the  people's  court,

execution of the  specific  administrative  act  will  cause  irremediable

losses and suspension of the execution will not harm public interests; or

(3) where suspension of execution is required by the provisions of laws or

regulations.

Article 45

Administrative cases in the people's courts  shall  be  tried  in  public,

except for those that involve state secrets  or  the  private  affairs  of

individuals or are otherwise provided for by law.

Article 46

Administrative cases in the people's courts shall be tried by a  collegial

panel of judges or of judges and assessors. The number  of  members  of  a

collegial panel shall be an odd number of three or more.

Article 47

If a party considers a  member  of  the  judicial  personnel  to  have  an

interest in the case or to be otherwise related to it,  which  may  affect

the impartial handling of the case, the party  shall  have  the  right  to

demand his withdrawal.

If a member of  the  judicial  personnel  considers  himself  to  have  an

interest in the case or to be otherwise related to it, he shall apply   for

withdrawal.

The provisions of the  two   preceding  paragraphs  shall  apply  to  court

clerks, interpreters, expert witnesses and persons who conduct inquests.

The withdrawal of the president of the court as the chief judge  shall  be

decided by the court's adjudication committee; the withdrawal of a  member

of the judicial personnel shall be decided by the president of the court;

the withdrawal of other personnel shall be decided by the chief judge.

Parties who refuse to accept the decision may apply for reconsideration.

Article 48

If the plaintiff refuses to appear  in  court  without  justified  reasons

after being twice legally summoned by the people's court, the court  shall

consider this an application for  the  withdrawal  of  the  suit;  if  the

defendant refuses to appear in court without justified reasons, the  court

may make a judgment by default.

Article 49

If a participant in the proceedings or any other person commits any of the

following acts, the people's court may, according to  the  seriousness  of

his offence, reprimand him, order him to sign a statement of repentance or

impose upon him a fine of not more than 1,000 yuan or detain him  for  not

longer  than  15  days;  if  a  crime   is    constituted,   his   criminal

responsibility shall be investigated:

(1) evading without reason, refusing  to  assist  in  or  obstructing  the

execution of the  notice  of  a  people's  court  for  assistance  in  its

execution by a person who has the duty to render assistance;

(2) forging, concealing or destroying evidence;

(3) instigating, suborning or threatening  others  to  commit  perjury  or

hindering witnesses from giving testimony;

(4) concealing, transferring, selling or destroying the property that   has

been sealed up, seized or frozen;

(5) using violence, threats or other means to hinder the  personnel  of  a

people's court from performing their duties or disturbing the order of the

work of a people's court; or (6) insulting, slandering,  framing,  beating

or retaliating against the personnel of a people's court, participants   in

proceedings or personnel who assist in the execution of duties; A fine   or

detention must be approved by the president of a people's court.    Parties

who  refuse  to   accept    the   punishment   decision    may   apply   for

reconsideration.

Article 50

A  people's  court  shall  not   apply    conciliation   in   handling    an

administrative case.

Article 51

Before  a  people's  court  announces  its  judgment  or   order   on    an

administrative case, if the plaintiff applies for the  withdrawal  of  the

suit, or if the defendant amends its specific administrative act and, as a

result, the plaintiff agrees and applies for the withdrawal of  the  suit,

the people's court shall decide whether or not to grant the approval.

Article 52

In handling administrative cases, the people's courts shall take the   law,

administrative  rules  and  regulations  and  local  regulations  as   the

criteria. Local regulations shall be applicable  to  administrative   cases

within the corresponding administrative areas. In handling  administrative

cases of a national autonomous area, the people's courts shall  also  take

the regulations on autonomy  and   separate  regulations  of  the  national

autonomous area as the criteria.

Article 53

In handling administrative cases,  the  people's  courts  shall  take,  as

references,  regulations   formulated  and  announced  by   ministries    or

commissions under the  State   Council  in  accordance  with  the  law  and

administrative rules and regulations, decisions or  orders  of  the  State

Council and regulations formulated and announced, in accordance  with  the

law and administrative rules and regulations of the State Council, by  the

people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions  and  municipalities

directly under the Central Government, of the cities  where  the  people's

governments of provinces and autonomous regions are located,  and  of  the

larger cities approved as such by the State Council.

If a people's court considers regulations formulated and  announced  by  a

local people's government to be inconsistent with  regulations  formulated

and announced by a ministry or commission under the State Council,  or  if

it  considers  regulations  formulated  and  announced  by  ministries  or

commissions under the State Council to be inconsistent  with  each  other,

the Supreme People's Court shall refer the matter to the State Council for

interpretation or ruling.

Article 54

After hearing a case, a people's court shall make the following  judgments

according to the varying conditions:

(1) If the evidence for  undertaking  a  specific  administrative   act  is

conclusive, the application of the law  and  regulations   to  the  act  is

correct,  and  the  legal  procedure  is  complied  with,   the   specific

administrative act shall be sustained by judgment.

(2) If a specific administrative act has been undertaken  in  one  of  the

following circumstances, the act shall be annulled or  partially  annulled

by judgment, or the defendant may be required by judgment to  undertake  a

specific administrative act anew:

a. inadequacy of essential evidence;

b. erroneous application of the law or regulations;

c. violation of legal procedure;

d. exceeding authority; or

e. abuse of powers.

(3) If a defendant fails to perform  or  delays  the  performance  of  his

statutory duty, a fixed time shall be set by judgment for his  performance

of the duty.

(4) If an administrative sanction is obviously unfair, it may  be  amended

by judgment.

Article 55

A defendant who has been  judged  by  a  people's  court  to  undertake  a

specific administrative act anew must not, based  on  the  same  fact  and

reason, undertake a specific administrative act essentially identical with

the original act.

Article 56

In handling administrative cases, if a people's court considers  the  head

of an administrative organ or  the  person  directly  in  charge  to  have

violated  administrative   discipline,  it  shall  transfer  the   relevant

materials to the administrative organ or the administrative organ  at  the

next higher level or to  a   supervisory  or  personnel  department;  if  a

people's court considers the person to have committed a  crime,  it  shall

transfer the relevant materials to the public security  and  procuratorial

organs.

Article 57

A people's court shall pass a judgment  of  first  instance  within  three

months from the  day  of  filing  the  case.  Extent  of  the  time  limit

necessitated by special  circumstances  shall  be  approved  by  a  higher

people's court, extent of the time limit for  handling  a  case  of  first

instance by a higher people's court, extent of the time limit for handling

a case of first instance by a higher people's court shall be  approved  by

the Supreme People's Court.

Article 58

If a party refuses to accept a judgment of first instance  by  a  people's

court, he shall have the right to file an appeal with the  people's  court

at the next higher level within 15 days of  the  serving  of  the  written

judgment. If a party refuses to accept an order of  first  instance  by  a

people's court, he shall have  the   right  to  file  an  appeal  with  the

people's court at the next higher level within 10 days of the  serving  of

the written order. All  judgments   and  orders  of  first  instance  by  a

people's court that have not been  appealed  within  the  prescribed  time

limit shall be legally effective.

Article 59

A people's court may handle  an   appealed  case  by  examining  the  court

records, if it considers the facts clearly ascertained.

Article 60

In handling an appealed case, a people's court shall make a final judgment

within two months from the day of receiving the appeal. Extent of the time

limit necessitated by special circumstances shall be approved by a  higher

people's court, extent of the time limit for handling an appealed case   by

a higher people's court shall be approved by the Supreme People's Court.

Article 61

A people's court shall handle an appealed case respectively  according  to

the conditions set forth below:

(1) if the facts are clearly ascertained and the law and  regulations  are

correctly applied in the original judgment, the appeal shall  be  rejected

and the original judgment sustained;

(2) if the facts are clearly ascertained but the law and  regulations  are

incorrectly applied in  the   original  judgment,  the  judgment  shall  be

amended according to the law and regulations; or

(3) if the facts are not clearly ascertained in the original  judgment  or

the evidence is insufficient, or a violation of the  prescribed  procedure

may have affected the correctness of the original judgment,  the  original

judgment shall be rescinded and the case remanded to the original people's

court for retrial, or the people's court of the second instance may  amend

the judgment after investigating and clarifying the facts. The parties may

appeal against the judgment or order rendered in a retrial of their case.

Article 62

If a party considers that a legally effective judgment or  order  contains

some definite error, he may make complaints to the  people's  court  which

tried the case or to a people's court at a higher level, but the execution

of the judgment or order shall not be suspended.

Article 63

If the president of a people's court finds a violation  of  provisions  of

the law or regulations in a legally effective judgment  or  order  of  his

court and deems it necessary to have the case retried, he shall refer  the

matter to the adjudication committee, which shall decide whether a retrial

is necessary.

If a people's court at a higher level finds a violation of  provisions  of

the law or regulations in a legally  effective  judgment  or  order  of  a

people's court at a lower level, it shall have the power to bring the case

up for trial itself or direct the people's court at  the  lower  level  to

conduct a retrial.

Article 64

If the people's procuratorate finds a violation of provisions of  the  law

or regulations in a legally effective judgement or  order  of  a  people's

court, it shall have the right to  lodge  a  protest  in  accordance  with

procedures of judicial supervision.

    【章名】  Chapter VII Execution

Article 65

The parties must perform the legally effective judgment or  order  of  the

people's court.  If a citizen, a legal person or  any  other  organization

refuses to perform the judgment or order,  the  administrative   organ  may

apply to a people's court of first instance for  compulsory  execution  or

proceed with compulsory execution according to law.  If an  administrative

organ refuses to perform the judgment or  order,  the  people's  court  of

first instance may adopt the following measures:

(1) informing the bank to transfer from the administrative organ's account

the amount of the fine that should be returned or the damages that  should

be paid;

(2) imposing a fine of 50 to 100 yuan per day on an  administrative  organ

that fails to perform the judgment or order  within  the  prescribed  time

limit, counting from the day when the time limit expires;

(3) putting forward  a   judicial  proposal  to  the  administrative   organ

superior to the administrative organ in question or to  a  supervisory  or

personnel department; the organ or department that  accepts  the  judicial

proposal shall deal with  the   matter  in  accordance  with  the  relevant

provisions and inform the people's court of its disposition; and

(4) if an administrative organ refuses to execute a judgment or order, and

the circumstances are so serious that a crime is constituted, the head   of

the administrative organ and  the   person  directly  in  charge  shall  be

investigated for criminal responsibility according to law.

Article 66

If a citizen, a legal person or any other organization, during the  period

prescribed by law, neither brings a suit  nor  carries  out  the  specific

administrative act, the administrative organ may apply to a people's court

for compulsory execution, or proceed with compulsory  execution  according

to law.

    【章名】  Chapter IX Liability for Compensation for Infringement of Rights

Article 67

A citizen, a legal person or any other  organization  who  suffers  damage

because of the infringement upon his or its lawful rights and interests by

a specific administrative act of an administrative organ or the   personnel

of an administrative organ, shall have the right to claim compensation.

If  a  citizen,  a  legal  person  or  any  other  organization   makes  an

independent claim for damages, the case shall first be dealt  with  by  an

administrative organ. Anyone who refuses to accept the disposition by   the

administrative organ may file a suit in a people's court. Conciliation may

be applied in handling a suit for damages.

Article 68

If a specific administrative act undertaken by an administrative organ   or

the personnel of an administrative organ infringes upon the lawful  rights

and interests of a citizen, a legal person or any other  organization  and

causes damage, the administrative organ or  the  administrative   organ  to

which  the  above-mentioned  personnel  belongs  shall   be   liable    for

compensation.

After paying the compensation, the  administrative  organ  shall  instruct

those members of its personnel who have  committed  intentional  or  gross

mistakes in the case to bear part or all of the damages.

Article 69

The cost of compensation shall  be  included  as  an  expenditure  in  the

government budget at various levels. The people's governments  at  various

levels may order the administrative organs  responsible  for  causing  the

compensation to bear part or all of the  damages.  The  specific  measures

thereof shall be formulated by the State Council.

    【章名】  Chapter X Administrative Procedure Involving Foreign Interests

Article 70

This Law shall be applicable to foreign nationals, stateless  persons  and

foreign organizations that are engaged  in  administrative   suits  in  the

People's Republic of China, except as otherwise provided for by law.

Article 71

Foreign nationals, stateless persons and foreign  organizations  that  are

engaged in administrative suits in the People's Republic  of  China  shall

have  the  same  litigation  rights  and  obligations  as   citizens   and

organizations of the People's Republic of China.  Should the courts  of   a

foreign country  impose  restrictions  on  the  administrative   litigation

rights of the citizens and  organizations  of  the  People's  Republic  of

China,  the  Chinese  people's  courts  shall  follow  the  principle   of

reciprocity regarding the administrative litigation rights of the citizens

and organizations of that foreign country.

Article 72

If an international  treaty  concluded  or  acceded  to  by  the  People's

Republic of China contains provisions different from those found  in  this

Law, the provisions of the international treaty shall  apply,  unless  the

provisions are ones on which the People's Republic of China has  announced

reservations.

Article 73

When  foreign  nationals,  stateless  persons  and  foreign  organizations

appoint lawyers as their agents ad litem in administrative  suits  in  the

People's Republic of China, they  shall  appoint  lawyers  of  a  lawyers'

organization of the People's Republic of China.

    【章名】  Chapter XI Supplementary Provisions

Article 74

A people's court shall charge litigation fees for handling  administrative

cases. The litigation fee shall be borne by the losing party, or   by  both

parties if they are both held responsible. The procedure for the  charging

of litigation fees shall be specified separately.

Article 75